競争

きょうそう
competition
contest

* * *

きょうそう【競争】

〔争い〕

*competition

〖U〗〔…を得る/…同士の/…との〕競争〔for/between， among/with〕

in competition with O …と競争して

The competition is very fierce. 競争はきわめて激烈である

a severe competition 激烈な競争.

*contest

〖C〗〔…をめざす/…をめぐる〕競争， 競技， コンテスト〔for/over〕

a keen ［hard， bitter］ contest for the prize 賞をめざす激しい競争

a hot contest 激しい競争.

rivalry

〖C〗〖U〗〔…との/…の間の/…における/…を求める〕競争〔with/between， among/in/for〕

enter into rivalry with... …と競争を始める.

**race

〖C〗〔…のための/…との〕競争〔for/against〕

a race against time 時間との競争

an arms race 軍備競争

the arms race between the superpowers 超大国間の軍備拡張競争.

emulation

〖U〗《正式》競争， 張り合うこと

in emulation of each other お互いに競争して.

▲free enterprise system 自由競争制度

a struggle for existence ［life］ 生存競争

a price war 価格競争.

¶ → 競争による

¶ → (人が)競争好きな

¶ → 競争率

◇～する［させる］

〔争う， 競う， 張り合う， せりあう〕

*compete

|自|〖D〗 〔人と/…を得るために〕競争する， 張り合う〔with， against/for〕

compete with ［against］ him for ［to win］ the prize 賞を得るために彼と競争する.

**race

|自|〖D〗 〔…と〕競争する〔against， with〕.

*match

|他|〖D〗 ［SVO₁ with ［against］ O₂］O₁(人・力・機知など)をO₂(人・力・機知など)と競争させる， 対抗［勝負を， 試合を］させる.

*rival

|他|〖D〗 (人など)と〔…を求めて/…(すること)において〕競争する〔for/in(doing)〕.

◇～相手［者］

*rival

〖C〗〔…を求め合う/…における〕競争相手， 対抗者〔for/in〕

oust a rival from office 役職から競争相手を追い出す

competitor

〖C〗競争する人［団体］， 出場選手《◆ rival と違って敵意を含まない》

*competition

〖U〗［通例 the ～］ 競争相手；［集合的に；単数・複数扱い］競争者.

* * *

きょうそう【競争】

(a) competition; a contest; (a) rivalry; a race; 《口》 a sweepstakes.

～する compete [contend] 《with sb for sth》; rival 《sb in sth》; vie [cope] 《with sb in…》; contest 《an election》.

●賞目当てに競争する compete 《with sb》 for a prize

・売り上げを競争する compete in [with] sales

・兄弟は何をするにも競争して頑張った. The brothers competed hard against each other in everything.

・競争しても競争にならない be no match 《for sb》

・競争させる bring sb into competition; put sb up for competition; match [pit] sb against sb

・入札者同士に競争させる set one bidder against another.

●激烈な競争 keen [fierce, hot, stiff, tough, cutthroat] competition; a close [tight] 《election》 race; 《口》 a rat race.

●競争から抜ける pull out of a competition; drop out of a race.

●競争が激化する become more competitive.

●競争で負ける lose a race; lose (out) in a competition.

●競争に加わる enter a competition; participate [take part] in a competition [contest]; 《文》 enter the lists 《with…》; 《口》 throw one's hat in the ring

・競争に勝つ[負ける] win [lose] a race; be victorious [defeated, beaten] in a competition

・競争に疲れる be exhausted by (the) competition

・この値段ではアメリカに輸出しても競争になるまい. At this price, they will hardly be competitive in [on] the American market.

●競争の時代 an age of competition; a competitive age

・競争の激しい世の中 a highly competitive world.

●競争を始める enter into competition [rivalry] 《with…》

・値下げの競争をする compete 《with others》 in price reduction; take part in [embark on] a price war

・競争をやめる give up competing.

●競争というもののない社会で暮らしたい. I wish I could live in a society where there's no such thing as competition.

価格競争 (a) price competition [war].

完全競争 【経】 perfect competition.

自由競争 free [open] competition.

純粋競争 【経】 pure competition.

独占的競争 【経】 monopolistic competition.

値下げ競争 a price-cutting race; price competition.

非価格競争 non-price competition.

不完全競争 【経】 imperfect competition.

競争相手 ⇒きょうそうあいて.

競争意識 a sense of competition [rivalry]; a competitive sense.

●競争意識が強い have a strong sense of rivalry; be full of competitive spirit

・…に対して競争意識を持つ feel competitive toward…

・競争意識をかき立てる stir up a feeling of rivalry.

競争価格 a competitive price.

競争競技 a competitive sport [game].

競争圏外

●競争圏外に落ちる fall out of the race; be put out of the running [contention].

競争圏内

●競争圏内にある have a chance in a competition; be in the running.

競争原理 a principle [spirit] of competition; a competitive principle.

●ライバルがいると競争原理が働く. With a rival, the principle of competition comes into play.

・独占を排して競争原理を採り入れる abolish a monopoly and introduce competition

・大学にも活性化を図るために競争原理を導入することが必要である. It is important to introduce competitiveness to universities to activate them.

競争国 a rival country; a competing [competitor] nation.

競争試験 a competitive [screening] examination.

●競争試験で 《select》 by competitive examination

・競争試験にパスする pass a competitive examination.

競争者 a competitor; a rival; a contestant; a contender.

●競争者が大勢その地位を狙っている. There are many candidates for the post.

競争社会 a competitive society; 《口》 a rat race; life in the fast lane.

競争場裡 an arena of competition.

●競争場裡に立つ be [stand] in an arena of competition

・競争場裡に打って出る enter the arena of competition 《with…》; enter the lists 《with…》.

競争心 a competitive spirit; a spirit of competition [rivalry]; a sense of rivalry.

●競争心が旺盛である have a strong sense of rivalry; be highly competitive

・競争心がない have no [lack any] sense of competition

・競争心に駆られる be goaded on by competition

・競争心を抱く possess a sense of rivalry

・競争心を起こさせる[あおる] arouse [stimulate] competition.

競争選挙 【史】 a contested election.

競争的共存 competitive coexistence.

競争(的)排除 competitive exclusion.

競争入札 a competitive bid; a public tender; competitive bidding.

●競争入札する make a competitive bid 《for…》

・競争入札の結果 the result of a tender.

競争反応 【化】 a competitive reaction.

競争(倍)率 a competition rate; a ratio of successful (applicants) to total applicants.

●競争率 20 倍の狭き門 a forbidding acceptance rate of one in twenty applicants.

競争力 ⇒きょうそうりょく.